Subba Rao, K., Subrahmanya, B.K., Rao, V.R.C.: Stability aspects of nonreshaped berm breakwaters with reduce armor weight. Experimental data are given to aid in the selection of the wave height for the design of a rubble mound breakwater as a function of the type and duration of the wave storm, and the allowed. 3.Large settlements, on the order of 1.5 m, were observed at the seaside of the breakwater. 2).The damage to the rubble-mound breakwater is shown in Fig. Rubble mound breakwaters behave as a static granular system until wave energy is higher than the one needed for the initiation of movement. (2004) analyzed the seismic response of a breakwater placed at a fishery port after the Kocaeli earthquake in 1999 (Fig. Sukomal, M., Rao, S., Harish, N., Lokesha, N.: Damage level prediction of non re-shaped berm breakwater using ANN, SVM and ANFIS. Introduction Damage in rubble mound breakwaters can be defined as the partial or total loss of its functionality and it is usually related to the hydraulic instability of the armor layer 1,2. Table 3 shows results of damage tests where H/HD0 is a function of the percent damage, D, for various armor units. Van der Meer, J.W.: Conceptual Design of Rubble Mound Breakwaters (1995) The concept of designing a rubble-mound breakwater for zero damage is unrealistic, because a definite risk always exists for the stability criteria to be exceeded in the life of the structure. Danish Hydraulic Institute, Denmark (1984) Jensen, O.J.: A Monograph on Rubble Mound Breakwaters. Hudson, R.Y.: Laboratory investigation of rubble-mound breakwaters. 381–424 (1994)ĬERC: Shore Protection Manual, Departement of The Army Waterway Experiment Station, Corps of Engineering Research Center, Fourth Edition, US Governtment Printing Office, Washington (1984)ĬIRIA CUR: Manual on the use of rock coastal and shoreline engineering, A.A Balkema Rotterdam (1991)įrans, R., Jon, B.H.: From Dynamics Sand Beach to Static Rubble Mound, Hasanuddin University (1993)įrans, R.: A Study on King Island Grassy Rubble Mound Breakwater Trunk Design by One-Tenth Scale Model Test, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (1993) (eds.) Coastal, Estuarial, and Harbour Engineers’ Reference Book, E & FN SPON London, pp. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Engineering 115(5), 573–593 (2010)īambang, T.: Perencanaan Bangunan Pantai, Beta Offset Yogyakarta (2011)īurcharth, H.F.: The design of breakwaters. Aysen Ergin, A., Gunbak, R., Melih Yanmaz, A.: Rubble mound breakwater with s-shape design. Many studies are being conducted on breakwaters and especially new breakwaters 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.However, studies in the field of rubble mound breakwaters have not stopped yet, and many studies are still being conducted in different fields of rubble mound breakwaters 8,9,10,11.
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